The effects of repeated doses of xylazine-ketamine and medetomidineketamine anesthesia on DNA damage in the liver and kidney.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the DNA damage caused by repeated doses of xylazine-ketamine and medetomidine-ketamine anesthesia in the liver and kidneys. METHODS: In this study, 60 rats were used. The rats were divided into group 1 (xylazine-ketamine), and group 2 (medetomidine-ketamine), and these anesthetic combinations were administered to the rats at repeated doses with 30-min intervals. The effects of these anesthetic agents on the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene for DNA damage were investigated. RESULTS: According to the gene expression results, it was observed that a single dose of xylazine-ketamine was 2.9-fold expressed, while first and second repeat doses did not show significant changes in expression levels. However, in the case of the third repetition, it was observed to be 3.8-fold overexpressed. In the case of medetomidine-ketamine administration, it was observed that a single-dose application resulted in a 1.04-fold expression, while the first and the third repeat doses showed a significant down expression. The samples from the second repeat dose administration group were found to have insignificant levels of expression. CONCLUSIONS: This study can contribute to understanding the safe anesthetic combination in research and operations in which xylazine-ketamine and medetomidine-ketamine combinations are used.

The effects of repeated doses of xylazine-ketamine and medetomidineketamine anesthesia on DNA damage in the liver and kidney

Purpose: This study evaluated the DNA damage caused by repeated doses of xylazine-ketamine and medetomidine-ketamine anesthesia in the liver and kidneys. Methods: In this study, 60 rats were used. The rats were divided into group 1 (xylazine-ketamine), and group 2 (medetomidine-ketamine), and these anesthetic combinations were administered to the rats at repeated doses with 30-min intervals. The effects of these anesthetic agents on the tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene for DNA damage were investigated. Results: According to the gene expression results, it was observed that a single dose of xylazine-ketamine was 2.9-fold expressed, while first and second repeat doses did not show significant changes in expression levels. However, in the case of the third repetition, it was observed to be 3.8-fold overexpressed. In the case of medetomidine-ketamine administration, it was observed that a single-dose application resulted in a 1.04-fold expression, while the first and the third repeat doses showed a significant down expression. The samples from the second repeat dose administration group were found to have insignificant levels of expression. Conclusions: This study can contribute to understanding the safe anesthetic combination in research and operations in which xylazine-ketamine and medetomidine-ketamine combinations are used.

A new approach in bariatric operations: bridged mini gastric by-pass. Is rabbit model suitable for an experimental study?

OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a global health epidemic with considerable co-morbidities. The increasing demand for bariatric surgery has led to the emergence of new techniques. We modified previously described Mini Gastric By-pass(MGB) technique via leaving a bridge at the most cranial 2 cm of the fundus of the human stomach to the follow-up and treatment of the remnant stomach and duodenum. We would like to entitle this new technique as Bridged MGB and aimed to apply on rabbits as an experimental study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was performed in the experimental animal laboratory of university after ethical approval was taken from the local ethics committee. Described new technique was applied to 2.1 and 3.2 kg 2 New Zealand rabbits. RESULTS: As a result of the operations, one of the rabbits died on the day of the operation; the other rabbit was exitus postoperatively on the third day. In autopsies, although no problem was detected at the anastomoses, necrosis was detected in the large curvature of both rabbits. CONCLUSION: Rabbit, one of the popular experimental animals, has been shown to be different from the human gastrointestinal system in both arterial and topographic aspects and it has been emphasized that it varies according to the species and even the diet and the climate. We believe that our study failed as a result of these differences and that animals more similar to humans should be used in gastrointestinal experimental studies.

Effects of injectable platelet-rich fibrin in experimental periodontitis in rats.

Injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) is an effective biological material that positively contributes to angiogenesis, wound healing, inflammation, regeneration processes, etc. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of i-PRF in rats with experimental periodontitis. Following the development of ligature-induced periodontitis, 24 Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups. Group-1: scaling and root planing (only-SRP); Group-2: SRP + i-PRF; Group-3: only- i-PRF. Heart blood from six donors was used for the i-PRF application. i-PRF was administered as a subgingival injection in the relevant groups on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th days. The tissues were evaluated histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Also, bone structures were examined using micro-CT. According to the data obtained, no statistically significant difference was observed among the groups in terms of bone resorption, inflammation, bone volume, bone levels (mesial/distal), and IL-1ß, IFN-ɤ, TNF-α, VEGF values (p > 0.05). However, bone mineral density was statistically significantly different among the groups (Group3 > Group2 > Group1) (p < 0.0001). Subgingival injection of only-i-PRF showed promising results in periodontitis treatment but contribution to SRP has not been proved according to this study results. The study results suggested that the i-PRF application was as effective as SRP in reducing bone loss, modulating inflammatory process, and effecting cytokines in experimental periodontitis. The significant effect of i-PRF on bone mineral density was the most remarkable result.

Comparison of Magenstrasse and Mill gastroplasty and sleeve gastrectomy techniques as an experimental study on rabbits.

AIM: Bariatric surgery is an important option when life-style modification, diet, and medical treatment are inadequate in lose weight. Bariatric surgical methods have gained popularity in recent years. In this paper, we compared the Magenstrasse and Mill(M&M) technique, with performing a simpler and more physiological type of gastroplasty without implanted foreign material such as band and reservoir, to the Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) technique. This study aimed to determine the effects of the M&M for obesity on the rabbits in comparison with the SG, which is accepted as a standard bariatric technique with creating a gastric tube. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was approved by the University of Van Yuzuncu Yil Regional Committee of Ethics (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee). 20New Zealand Rabbits underwent operations. After prestudy with 2 rabbits, the remaining 18 rabbits were divided into 2 groups; Group 1 (SG) and Group 2 (M&M). RESULTS: Group 1 rabbits were observed to lose weight in all, while Group 2 rabbits; 2 of them died, 5 of them lost weight, 2 of them gained weight. When the pre and post-operative weight of the rabbits were compared; preoperative median weight values of 9 rabbits in Group 1 were significantly higher than postoperative values. On the other hand, there was no significant change in the mean weight of Group 2 of 7 rabbits (living up to 8weeks). The mean weight of rabbits undergoing standard SG was significantly lower than the M&M technique. CONCLUSION: We believe that this animal experimental study, which we conducted intending to compare M&M and SG techniques, will contribute to the literature as a pilot study and determine the survey of M&M technique as a pioneer in other studies. KEY WORDS: Bariatric surgery, Magenstrasse and Mill gastroplasty, Sleeve gastrectomy.